How to use AES and 3DES in Java | 100% best for beginners

JavaFX Tutorial

In this tutorial, you will learn Encryption and Decryption using Advanced Encryption Standard AES in Java and Triple Data Encryption Standard – 3DES in Java. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely adopted symmetric encryption algorithm nowadays. It is also known by its original name Rijndael. 3DES in Java/Triple DES, officially the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm. Triple DES or 3DES in Java applies the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher algorithm and also, Triple DES or 3DES in Java is a symmetric-key block cipher.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES in Java)

Encryption

byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));

Decryption

byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data)));

Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES in Java)

3DES in Java Encryption

byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec IvParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, theKey, IvParameters);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(txt_data.getText().getBytes());
String txt = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
txtArea_result.setText(txt);

Decryption

byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec ivParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, theKey, ivParameters);
byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(txt_data.getText().getBytes()));
String dec = new String(original);
txtArea_result.setText(dec);

Source Code

import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.KeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Alert;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;
import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
* FXML Controller class
*
* @author KENSOFT
*/
public class FX_EncryptionController implements Initializable {

@FXML
private TextField txt_data;
@FXML
private TextField txt_key;
@FXML
private TextArea txtArea_result;
@FXML
private Button btn_encrypt;
@FXML
private Button btn_decrypt;
@FXML
private RadioButton radio_aes;
@FXML
private RadioButton radio_3des;

private static final String SALT = "ThisIsSalt";
private static Cipher cipher;

@Override
public void initialize(URL url, ResourceBundle rb) {
// TODO
}

public static String AESencrypt(String data, String aesSECRET_KEY) {
try {
byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);

SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");

cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
return null;
}

public static String AESdecrypt(String data, String aesSECRET_KEY) {
try {
byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);

SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data)));
} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
return null;
}

public String TDESencrypt() throws Exception {
byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec IvParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, theKey, IvParameters);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(txt_data.getText().getBytes());
String txt = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
txtArea_result.setText(txt);
return null;
}

public String TDESdecrypt() throws Exception {
byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec ivParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, theKey, ivParameters);
byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(txt_data.getText().getBytes()));
String dec = new String(original);
txtArea_result.setText(dec);
return null;
}

@FXML
private void buttonEncrypt(MouseEvent event) throws Exception {
if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty() && txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key and Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else {
if (radio_aes.isSelected()) {
txtArea_result.setText(AESencrypt(txt_data.getText(), txt_key.getText()));
} else if (radio_3des.isSelected()) {
if (txt_key.getText().length() <= 23) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Please add your key");
alert.setHeaderText("Wrong key size");
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else {
TDESencrypt();
}
} else {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Please select an Encryption type");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
}
}
}

@FXML
private void buttonDecrypt(MouseEvent event) throws Exception {
if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty() && txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key and Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else {
if (radio_aes.isSelected()) {
txtArea_result.setText(AESdecrypt(txt_data.getText(), txt_key.getText()));
} else if (radio_3des.isSelected()) {
TDESdecrypt();
} else {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Please select an Encryption type");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
}
}
}

@FXML
private void radio_aes(MouseEvent event) {
radio_3des.setSelected(false);
}

@FXML
private void radio_tdes(MouseEvent event) {
radio_aes.setSelected(false);
}
}

Output

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