How to use AES and 3DES in Java | 100% best for beginners

JavaFX Tutorial

In this tutorial, you will learn Encryption and Decryption using Advanced Encryption Standard AES in Java and Triple Data Encryption Standard – 3DES in Java. Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a widely adopted symmetric encryption algorithm nowadays. It is also known by its original name Rijndael. 3DES/Triple DES, officially the Triple Data Encryption Algorithm. Triple DES applies the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher algorithm and also, Triple DES is a symmetric-key block cipher.

Advanced Encryption Standard (AES in Java)

Encryption

byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");
cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));

Decryption

byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);
SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data)));

Triple Data Encryption Standard (3DES in Java)

Encryption

byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec IvParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, theKey, IvParameters);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(txt_data.getText().getBytes());
String txt = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
txtArea_result.setText(txt);

Decryption

byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec ivParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, theKey, ivParameters);
byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(txt_data.getText().getBytes()));
String dec = new String(original);
txtArea_result.setText(dec);

Source Code

import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.KeySpec;
import java.util.Base64;
import java.util.ResourceBundle;
import javafx.fxml.FXML;
import javafx.fxml.Initializable;
import javafx.scene.control.Alert;
import javafx.scene.control.Button;
import javafx.scene.control.RadioButton;
import javafx.scene.control.TextArea;
import javafx.scene.control.TextField;
import javafx.scene.input.MouseEvent;
import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;
import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.DESedeKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.IvParameterSpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;

/**
* FXML Controller class
*
* @author KENSOFT
*/
public class FX_EncryptionController implements Initializable {

@FXML
private TextField txt_data;
@FXML
private TextField txt_key;
@FXML
private TextArea txtArea_result;
@FXML
private Button btn_encrypt;
@FXML
private Button btn_decrypt;
@FXML
private RadioButton radio_aes;
@FXML
private RadioButton radio_3des;

private static final String SALT = "ThisIsSalt";
private static Cipher cipher;

@Override
public void initialize(URL url, ResourceBundle rb) {
// TODO
}

public static String AESencrypt(String data, String aesSECRET_KEY) {
try {
byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);

SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");

cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(cipher.doFinal(data.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)));
} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
return null;
}

public static String AESdecrypt(String data, String aesSECRET_KEY) {
try {
byte[] iv = {0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0};
IvParameterSpec ivspec = new IvParameterSpec(iv);

SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256");
KeySpec keyspec = new PBEKeySpec(aesSECRET_KEY.toCharArray(), SALT.getBytes(), 65536, 256);
SecretKey sk = factory.generateSecret(keyspec);
SecretKeySpec secretKeyspec = new SecretKeySpec(sk.getEncoded(), "AES");

Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/CBC/PKCS5PADDING");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, secretKeyspec, ivspec);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(data)));
} catch (InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | InvalidKeyException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeySpecException | BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | NoSuchPaddingException e) {
System.out.println(e);
}
return null;
}

public String TDESencrypt() throws Exception {
byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec IvParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, theKey, IvParameters);
byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal(txt_data.getText().getBytes());
String txt = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(encrypted);
txtArea_result.setText(txt);
return null;
}

public String TDESdecrypt() throws Exception {
byte[] encryptKey = txt_key.getText().getBytes();
DESedeKeySpec spec = new DESedeKeySpec(encryptKey);
SecretKeyFactory keyFactory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("DESede");
SecretKey theKey = keyFactory.generateSecret(spec);
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding");
IvParameterSpec ivParameters = new IvParameterSpec(new byte[]{12, 34, 56, 78, 90, 87, 65, 43});
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, theKey, ivParameters);
byte[] original = cipher.doFinal(Base64.getDecoder().decode(txt_data.getText().getBytes()));
String dec = new String(original);
txtArea_result.setText(dec);
return null;
}

@FXML
private void buttonEncrypt(MouseEvent event) throws Exception {
if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty() && txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key and Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else {
if (radio_aes.isSelected()) {
txtArea_result.setText(AESencrypt(txt_data.getText(), txt_key.getText()));
} else if (radio_3des.isSelected()) {
if (txt_key.getText().length() <= 23) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Please add your key");
alert.setHeaderText("Wrong key size");
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else {
TDESencrypt();
}
} else {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Please select an Encryption type");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Encrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
}
}
}

@FXML
private void buttonDecrypt(MouseEvent event) throws Exception {
if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty() && txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key and Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_key.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Key cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else if (txt_data.getText().trim().isEmpty()) {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Data cannot be empty");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
} else {
if (radio_aes.isSelected()) {
txtArea_result.setText(AESdecrypt(txt_data.getText(), txt_key.getText()));
} else if (radio_3des.isSelected()) {
TDESdecrypt();
} else {
Alert alert = new Alert(Alert.AlertType.ERROR);
alert.setContentText("Please select an Encryption type");
alert.setHeaderText(null);
alert.setTitle("Decrypt");
alert.showAndWait();
}
}
}

@FXML
private void radio_aes(MouseEvent event) {
radio_3des.setSelected(false);
}

@FXML
private void radio_tdes(MouseEvent event) {
radio_aes.setSelected(false);
}
}

Output

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